Research & Policy

This study (published in the March-April edition of the Journal of Economics and Business) examines whether borrowers’ race and ethnicity affect subprime loan pricing after accounting for objective determinants, including credit scores and loan-to-value ratios. The results show that African-American and Latino borrowers are more likely to receive higher-rate subprime home loans than non-Latino white borrowers. The authors are Debbie Gruenstein Bocian, Keith S. Ernst, and Wei Li.

Federal Reserve System's Fifth Community Affairs Research Conference "Financing Community Development: Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future" The best outcomes for consumers require a competitive market, fair opportunities, and a policy framework that makes both possible. The optimization of a policy framework along these lines is often most limited by the quality of information available concerning market realities. Consequently, I would like to preface my remarks by thanking the Federal Reserve, and specifically the Community Affairs Department, for convening this important event to...

"Yeah, people got bad mortgages. But others were able to finally buy a home" begins a recent article in a national magazine, repeating the common assumption that subprime mortgage lending has helped increase the overall level of homeownership. But a new CRL analysis shows that while the subprime market has produced more than $2 trillion in home loans over the past nine years, these loans have led or will lead to a net LOSS of homeownership for almost 1 million families. The reason for this net loss? From 1998-2006, only 9% of subprime loans went to first-time homebuyers, but over 15% of...

Committe: U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform

Committe: U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform

Banks stand back as debits and ATM withdrawals cause high-cost overdrafts for their customers Rather than linking their customers' checking accounts to their savings or other resources to cover overdrafts, many banks and credit unions are automatically covering their customers' shortfalls with expensive short-term loans. More overdrafts are happening when customers swipe their debit card or make an ATM withdrawal than when they write a check. In these cases, banks can warn customers or merchants when they have insufficient funds—but most do not. They can also decline the transaction and save...

In a recent working paper, Donald Morgan, a researcher from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, attempts to determine whether payday lending is predatory by comparing the welfare of households in states where payday lending is unlimited versus states where payday lending is illegal. After a comparative analysis, Morgan concludes that "unlimited" payday lending enhances welfare. However, Morgan's findings are flawed for three key reasons: The analysis contains fundamental errors in its characterization of which states allowed payday lending. Example: Morgan identifies North Carolina—which had...

A CRL study released in December 2006, revealed that millions of American households would lose their homes and as much as $164 billion due to foreclosures in the subprime mortgage market. The "Losing Ground" study was the first comprehensive, nationwide review of millions of subprime mortgages originated from 1998 through the third quarter of 2006. CRL found that despite low interest rates and a favorable economic environment during the past several years, the subprime market was experiencing high foreclosure rates, and we projected that one out of five (19.4%) subprime loans issued during...

Executive Summary: Financial Quicksand New CRL study finds borrowers pay $4.2 billion every year in excessive payday lending fees Every year, payday lenders strip $4.2 billion in excessive fees from Americans who think they're getting a two-week loan and end up trapped in debt. This report finds that across the nation payday borrowers are paying more in interest, at annual rates of 400 percent, than the amount of the loan they originally borrowed. Despite attempts to reform payday lending, now an industry exceeding $28 billion a year, lenders still collect 90 percent of their revenue from...

Committe: Senate Subcommittees on Housing & Transportation and Economic Policy

In a working paper released last month, Morgan Rose, a researcher from the OCC, analyzes a set of subprime loans originated in Chicago to determine the impact of selected lending terms on the likelihood of foreclosure. The study finds that loans with prepayment penalties and balloon payments are 22 to 117 percent more likely to foreclose than those without such terms. However, after an extended analysis, the author concludes that the impact of those terms on foreclosure varies widely. He therefore advocates for regulatory tightening of underwriting and pricing practices, as opposed to...

A Georgia statute passed in May 2004 imposes stiff penalties for payday lending by non-banks and in-state banks, and is the first state law to expressly prohibit payday lenders from contriving with out-of-state banks to evade state usury limits. Soon after its enactment, several payday lenders and their bank "partners" sued the state seeking a court ruling that the Act was unconstitutional. The effort failed. The Georgia Act is a good example of state legislation against abusive lending practices and lender contrivances to circumvent state law.

Committe: House Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit