Research & Policy

National CAPACD, NALCAB, and the Center for Responsible Lending submitted this letter to support the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s (CFPB) final Section 1071 regulation which will improve relationship banking by creating a robust and comprehensive data collection regime that helps ensure that small business lending is fair and accessible to entrepreneurs from all communities in the United States.

In response to a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) notice that it intends to issue regulation, CRL joined a coalition of consumer groups in calling for FTC action to rein-in junk fees. Among other topics, this comment letter highlights a CRL report on installment loan companies that would tack on credit insurance and “automobile club memberships” – charges that meet multiple characteristics of junk fees, including that they’re often a surprise to the consumer and that their value to the consumer is limited or nonexistent. The letter was also signed by: Accountable.US AKPIRG American Economic...

Accountable.US, Americans for Financial Reform, Center for Responsible Lending, Consumer Action, Consumer Federation of America, National Consumer Law Center (on behalf of its low- income clients), National Community Reinvestment Coalition, Public Citizen, US PIRG and the Woodstock Institute submitted comments for the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) examination of First Electronic Bank. First Electronic Bank helps at least two nonbank lenders make predatory loans at rates up to 180% annual percentage rate (APR) that they cannot legally make directly. The loans that First Electronic Bank...

Cash-strapped borrowers are being enticed into using the home equity they have accumulated as an ATM and cash-out refinance loans will damage their long-term financial health.

From the comment: Accountable.US, Americans for Financial Reform, Center for Responsible Lending, Consumer Action, Consumer Federation of America, National Consumer Law Center (on behalf of its lowincome clients), National Community Reinvestment Coalition, Public Citizen, US PIRG and the Woodstock Institute submit these comments in connection with the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) examination of FinWise Bank. FinWise Bank helps several nonbank lenders make predatory loans at rates up to 160% annual percentage rate (APR) that they cannot legally make directly. The loans that FinWise...

Earned or Early Wage Advance (EWA) products offer workers access to their wages before payday, usually for a fee. While low-wage workers can benefit from EWA programs that are properly designed and regulated, they can instead be harmed when products are allowed into the marketplace without guardrails keeping their use and cost within reasonable bounds. States should regulate all EWA products as credit and require compliance with consumer protections that prevent predatory lending debt traps commonly associated with payday loans. Download to continue reading

Earned Wage Advance (EWA) providers market a means for workers to access their wages before payday, usually for a fee. In reality, there are two very different types of products that are marketed as EWA, one of which—sometimes called “faux EWA”— is simply a payday loan dressed up in “fintech” marketing. While low-wage workers can benefit from true EWA programs that are properly designed and regulated, they can instead be harmed when products are allowed into the marketplace without guardrails that keep their use and cost within reasonable bounds. States should regulate all EWA products as...

CRL policy counsel Monica Burks recommends Vermont lawmakers decline to codify an Earned Wage Advance business model that could risk enabling payday lending-like debt traps in a state with an 18% usury cap.

The Center for Responsible Lending submitted a letter for the record on the House Committee on Financial Services’ Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Monetary Policy hearing entitled, “Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Ripe for Reform.” The letter details the importance of the CFPB and draws on new data from Republican polling firm Chesapeake Beach Consulting and Democratic firm Lake Research Partners shows that 79 percent of voters across the political spectrum – including 64 percent of independents and 75 percent of Republicans – overwhelmingly support the mission of the CFPB to...

The following organizations signed on to a letter to Michael Hsu, Acting Comptroller of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, urging him to act and ensure that OCC-supervised banks make necessary reforms to their inequitable overdraft programs. Accountable.US Americans for Financial Reform Education Fund California Reinvestment Coalition Center for Responsible Lending Consumer Action Consumer Federation of America Consumer Reports The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights NAACP National Consumer Law Center (on behalf of its low-income clients) Revolving Door Project UnidosUS...

A report released in January of 2023 attempts to provide cover for the predatory practices of payday lenders, who charge average 400% annual interest on loans that routinely create a long-term cycle of debt that sends borrowers into deep financial insecurity. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) found that 75% of payday lender fees are collected from borrowers with 10 or more loans per year, indicating the reliance of payday lenders on a business model of long-term debt. Eighteen states and D.C. have stopped this debt trap by implementing a rate cap of 36% or less, including fees...

In response to the questions posed in the VA’s October 17, 2022 Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, the National Consumer Law Center (on behalf of its low-income clients) and the Center for Responsible Lending urge VA to expand the opportunities available to help veteran borrowers avoid foreclosure. The mortgage relief options available for veteran borrowers should not be less favorable than the options available to other borrowers and should provide relief in all market conditions. We appreciate the VA’s engagement with stakeholders and look forward to working with you to find solutions...

Previous research by the Center for Responsible Lending (CRL) has revealed the harms associated with high-cost installment loans, which are often marketed to subprime borrowers and have annual percentage rates of interest (APRs) in excess of 36%. This paper explores a different segment of the installment loan market: loans made by consumer finance companies with rates at or below 36% APR that have larger, longer terms and are often packed with fees for low-value, high-cost add-on products. The costs of these products are not included in the loans’ APRs. Using a sample of 67 collections cases...

On December 14th, Mitria Spotser, a consultant for the Center for Responsible Lending (CRL) testified before the House Committee on Veterans Affairs hearing on a discussion draft bill, the VA Housing Loan Forever Act of 2022. Her written testimony is available for download and the recorded video is available below.

From the letter to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA): The dramatic increase in interest rates since the turn of the year has significantly reduced the effectiveness of VA’s current loan modification program. As a result, an additional loss mitigation option is needed to help veterans who cannot afford to resume their originally scheduled mortgage payments and are in need of payment relief. The refund program gives VA the latitude to adjust the terms of the mortgage without increasing the note rate to the prevailing mortgage rate, which will allow the program to provide the payment...

In this letter, several financial services industry and consumer groups expressed support for legislation, introduced in the U.S. Senate, to close the industrial loan company (ILC) charter loophole, the “Close the Shadow Banking Loophole Act."

A broad coalition of consumer groups filed comments supporting the CDFI Fund’s changes to the application for CDFI certification. In recent years, many harmful financial products have been pushed on underserved communities in the name of “access to credit” and “financial inclusion.” Most CDFIs stay away from these harmful products and are true to their mission but far too many entities have obtained CDFI status despite engaging in these irresponsible financial practices. The coalition supports the Fund’s changes to the CDFI application to close many loopholes that allowed CDFIs to offer...

New data from the bipartisan polling team Lake Research Partners and Chesapeake Beach Consultingi shows that voters across the political spectrum overwhelmingly support the ongoing mission of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to regulate the financial industry and protect consumers. The new findings are consistent with over 10 years of opinion research demonstrating strong public support for the agency’s role and work. Voters are strongly supportive of a variety of specific protections aimed at new types of financial products and want the CFPB to protect consumers from excessive...

The Center for Responsible Lending, Self-Help Credit Union, Self-Help Federal Credit Union, and Self-Help Ventures Fund strongly support the CDFI Fund’s efforts to more vigorously ensure that the primary mission of any CDFI is to promote community development. In November 2020, CRL and Self-Help urged the Fund to adopt several critical consumer protections in the Fund’s certification application. We are very pleased to see that the Fund has proposed to adopt many of those protections, including: Limiting the ability of CDFIs to lend at interest rates that exceed 36% Requiring CDFIs to lend...

As of the end of August 2022, 350,000 FHA borrowers were seriously delinquent. Some of these borrowers will regain their financial footing, cure their delinquency, and resume their monthly payments, while others will sell their homes. The remainder will need a reduction in their monthly payment to an affordable level to remain in their home. However, the combination of the mechanics of an FHA modification and a substantial rise in the mortgage rate has made modifications ineffective at delivering payment reduction. To modify an FHA loan, the loan must be purchased out of the mortgage-backed...

The National Consumer Law Center (on behalf of its low-income clients), the Center for Responsible Lending, and the National Housing Law Project submitted this comment to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in response to a request for information regarding mortgage refinances and forbearances.

More than 44 million people in the United States—roughly one in six adults—collectively hold more than $1.6 trillion in federal student loan debt. Although many Americans are burdened by their student loan debt, borrowers who attended Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have been especially hard hit, due to the impacts of systemic racism on wealth accumulation for families and unequal resource distribution among institutions. Carrying student debt makes it difficult for many HBCU graduates to engage in wealth-building activities like purchasing a home or investing for...

The Protecting Wages Act will keep more money in the pockets of working people struggling to pay rent and put food on the table, while still allowing the collection industry to collect debts. Protects Enough Wages for Basic Needs From Seizure: Protects $1,000 in disposable earnings per week from being seized for old debts, or 75% of disposable earnings, whichever protection is greater. Current law hasn’t been updated since 1968 and only protects $217.50 a week (or 75% of disposable earnings, if greater) from seizure–nowhere near enough to meet basic needs. Protects Consumer Purchasing Power...

The Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program is a federal program that forgives loan balances for those working for the government or in the nonprofit sector after 120 qualifying payments. Download the factsheet to take advantage of this temporary expanded benefit before October 31st.

Over the past decade, the high-cost small-dollar loan market, once dominated by short-term balloon payment payday loans, has seen the rise of high-cost installment loans with longer terms. Payday loans are typically repaid in a lump-sum, usually due in 14-day periods. Installment loans tend to be larger in size and repaid in several installments, typically over a period of several months. Although they are repaid in installment terms, these loans share similar characteristics with other payday and car-title loans: a lack of underwriting; access to a borrower’s bank account or car as security...